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Question
1: what is Travel or motion sickness?
Answer: Travel or motion sickness describes the
nausea, vomiting or dizziness that some people get when travelling.
It can happen during any form of transport, but
common examples include car or sea travel. Lots of people get motion sickness,
but it can be reduced or even prevented by taking certain medicines before you
travel.
Motion
sickness is also a very common disturbance of the inner ear. It is caused by
repeated motion from a vehicle or any other movements that disturb the inner
ear.
Question 2: What causes
motion sickness?
Motion
is sensed by the brain through different pathways of the nervous system
including the inner ear, the eyes, and the tissues of the body surface.
When
the body is moved intentionally, for example when walking, the input from all
of the pathways are coordinated by our brain.
The
symptoms of motion sickness appear when the central
nervous system receives conflicting messages from the sensory
systems: the inner ear, eyes, skin pressure receptors, and the muscle and joint
sensory receptors.
As
an example, if someone is sat on a boat or in a car (not looking out of a
window), their inner ears sense movement up and down, left and right, but their
eyes see a static view, as if they are not moving at all. It is hypothesized
that the conflict among the inputs is responsible for motion sickness.
What are the symptoms of motion sickness?
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Serious
symptoms include:
- nausea
- vomiting
- pallor
- sweating
- drooling
- short breath
- dizziness
- drowsiness
Other
common signs are:
- sweating
- a general
feeling of discomfort
- not feeling
well (malaise)
Mild
symptoms are categorized as:
Diagnosing motion sickness
Most
cases of motion sickness are mild and self-treatable. Very severe cases, and
those that become progressively worse, deserve the attention and care of a
physician with special skill in diseases of the ear, balance (equilibrium), and
nervous system.
To
help diagnose motion sickness, a doctor will ask about symptoms and find out
what usually causes the problem (such as riding in a
boat, flying in a plane, or driving in a car). Laboratory tests are generally
not necessary to diagnose motion sickness.
Remedies for motion sickness
The
distressing symptoms of motion sickness usually stop when the motion causing it
ceases. But this is not always true. There are people who suffer symptoms for
even a few days after the trip is over. Most people who have had motion
sickness in the past ask their doctor how to prevent it next time. The
following remedies may help:
Looking at the horizon
One
common suggestion is to simply look out of the window of the moving vehicle and
to gaze toward the horizon in the direction of travel. This helps to re-orient
the inner sense of balance by providing a visual reaffirmation of motion.
Keeping eyes closed and napping
In
the night, or in a ship without windows, it is helpful to simply close one's
eyes, or if possible, take a nap. This resolves the input conflict between the
eyes and the inner ear.
Chewing
Chewing gum is a simple way of reducing motion
sickness.
A
simple method for relieving common and mild car sickness is chewing. Chewing
gum has an uncanny effectiveness for reducing car sickness in those affected.
Chewing
gum, however, is not the only thing one may chew to relieve mild effects of car
sickness, snacking on sweets, or just chewing in general seems to reduce
adverse effects of the conflict between vision and balance.
Fresh air
Fresh,
cool air can also relieve motion sickness slightly, although it is likely this
is related to avoiding foul odors, which can worsen nausea.
Ginger
Ginger
has been found to reduce motion sickness. This is available in tablet form, or
a fresh stem of ginger can be chewed to relieve symptoms. There is some debate
over whether it is the chewing or the ginger that helps.
Acupressure
An
acupressure practitioner works with the same points used in acupuncture,
but stimulates these healing sites with finger pressure, rather than inserting
fine needles. Some studies suggest that acupressure may help reduce symptoms of
motion sickness in the same way as acupuncture, although the evidence is not
clear.
Preventing motion sickness
Here
are some important tips for preventing motion sickness:
- Always sit in
a position so that the eyes can see the same motion that the body and
inner ear feels.
- In a car, sit
in the front seat and look at the distant scenery.
- On a boat, go
up on the deck and watch the motion of the horizon.
- In an
airplane, sit by the window and look outside. Also, in a plane, choose a
seat over the wings where the motion is minimized.
- Do not read
while traveling if experiencing motion sickness, and do not sit in a seat
facing backward.
- Do not watch
or talk to another traveler who is having motion sickness.
- Avoid strong
odors and spicy or greasy foods immediately before and during travel.
Medical
research has not yet investigated the effectiveness of popular folk remedies such as "soda crackers and 7
Up," "cola syrup over ice," or ginger products.
Medications
While
home remedies are effective, medications are
also a good way to prevent motion sickness and are best taken before
travelling.
- Scopolamine
- the most commonly prescribed medication for motion sickness. It must be
taken before symptoms start. It is available as a patch that is placed
behind the ear 6-8 hours before travel.
- Promethazine
- should be taken 2 hours before travel. The effects last 6-8 hours. Side
effects may include drowsiness and dry mouth.
- Cyclizine
- is most effective when taken at least 30 minutes before travel. It is
not recommended for children younger than 6, and side effects are similar
to scopolamine.
- Dimenhydrinate
- taken every 4-8 hours. Side effects are similar to scopolamine.
- Dimenhydrinate
chewing gum - a team of experts spoke at the American Association of
Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition in 2012
on a study that showed patients can absorb the medication through the
cheek.
- Meclizine
(Bonine) - is most effective when taken 1 hour
before travel. It is not recommended for children under 12, and side
effects may include drowsiness and dry mouth.